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相对于欧美作家对航海技艺的赞美、对航海人物经典形象的塑造,中国文学作品对航海技艺的书写并不充分。不过,近年来涌现的海南本土作家林森、李焕才的海洋文学创作弥补了这一缺憾,展现出比较重要的文学与文化价值。李焕才的长篇小说《岛》以帆船被机船取代为背景,批判物欲膨胀导致的岛民人性变异。林森的中篇小说《海里岸上》重视书写老一代南海渔民技艺的历史独特性,另一部中篇小说《唯水年轻》以及长篇小说《岛》等作品则着力反思个体与海岛、陆地与海洋的关系。李、林二人的创作共同揭示出,面对以陆地思维为中心的发展模式,老一代“做海人”的航海技艺不再被传承,青年一代则表现出责任意识的弱化和对海洋的疏远。在此意义上,所有人都在承受海岛的变迁之痛。
Abstract:Compared with the praise of nautical skills and the classic characterization of seafaring figures in Western literature,Chinese literary works have been relatively less expressive in their depiction of nautical skills. However,in recent years,the emergence of marine literary works by local Hainan writers Lin Sen and Li Huancai has made up for this deficiency and demonstrated significant literary and cultural value. Li Huancai's novel The Island,set against the backdrop of the replacement of sailboats by motorboats,criticizes the distortion of human nature among the islanders caused by rampant materialism. Lin Sen's novella On the Sea and on the Shore focuses on the historical uniqueness of the traditional seafaring craft practiced by the older generation of fishermen in South China Sea;while his novella Only the Water is Young and his novel The Island-which shares the same title as Li Huancai's book, delve into the relationship between individuals and the island as well as between the land and the sea. As revealed jointly by the works of Li and Lin,in the face of a development model centered on land thinking,the maritime skills of the older generation of seafarers are no longer inherited,while the younger generation exhibits a weakened sense of responsibility and estrangement from the ocean. In this sense,everyone is suffering from the agony of the unprecedented transformations taking place on the island.
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(1)1731年,八分仪问世,可以不受船只运动的影响而确定航船所处的纬度。1757年,英国人约翰·坎贝尔船长制造出更精确的六分仪。六分仪的原理由伊萨克·牛顿爵士提出。所以,鲁宾逊从大船上抢救的航海物品中还不可能有八分仪或六分仪。
(1)李焕才的《岛》最初发表于2019年第7期《中国作家》,2025年7月由作家出版社出版。
(1)庆海爹是小说中的隐形人物,被赞为“南海上最好的老船长”,因为在他所有的出海经历中,其手下的船员无一丧命于海上。显然,这也是一位拥有高超航海技艺的南海渔民。
(2)老苏所念的祭文体现了渔民们非常务实的需求:“渔民远到三沙生产,求财财到,求利利来,好人相逢,恶人走背。/东方财源到,西方财源也不停,南方财源广进,北方财源接接来。/利禄宏开,生产安全,蚌盒变珠宝,渔乡笑呵呵。/兄弟公保佑渔民精神饱满,满载而归。”参见林森:《海里岸上》,《唯水年轻》,南京:译林出版社2024年版,第112页。
(1)这段话还可参考玛格丽特·科恩《小说与海洋》中的译文:“对技艺的特殊需求已经一去不复返,再也不会重现。它从世上消失得无影无踪,犹如绝种野鸟之绝唱。”参见玛格丽特·科恩:《小说与海洋》,陈橙、杨春燕、倪敏译,上海:上海译文出版社2018年版,第87页。
基本信息:
DOI:10.16061/j.cnki.cn46-1076/c.2026.01.011
中图分类号:I207.42
引用信息:
[1]张杰.海岛之痛:海南当代作家的航海技艺书写[J].海南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2026,39(01):88-98.DOI:10.16061/j.cnki.cn46-1076/c.2026.01.011.
基金信息:
海南省哲学社会科学规划课题“航空移动性视角下的20世纪中西文学航空书写比较研究”[HNSK(YB)25-74]
2026-02-15
2026-02-15